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中国循证儿科杂志

中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 372-377.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2024.05.010

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

广州市儿童青少年膳食模式与体成分的横断面调查

梁晓潼,邓钰莹,陈淼,黄子微,纪吉婷,潘顺,张泽辉,龙佳仪,陈敏,刘丽   

  1. 广东药科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系 广州，510310
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25 修回日期:2024-10-25 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘丽

Association between dietary patterns and body composition among children and adolescents in Guangzhou: A crosssectional survey

LIANG Xiaotong, DENG Yuying, CHEN Miao, HUANG Ziwei, JI Jiting, PAN Shun, ZHANG Zehui, LONG Jiayi, CHEN Min, LIU Li   

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
  • Received:2024-10-25 Revised:2024-10-25 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-25
  • Contact: LIU Li

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摘要： 背景：膳食对体成分有着重要影响，但儿童青少年膳食模式与体成分的关联研究仍较匮乏。 目的：探讨广州市儿童青少年膳食模式与体成分的关联。 设计：横断面调查。 方法：于2019年3~12月以分层整群抽样的方法选取6~17岁中小学生为研究对象，采用问卷调查收集学生的13类食物的摄入情况，并进行体成分测量。采用因子分析法分析膳食模式。采用多重线性回归模型分析各膳食模式与体成分的关联。 主要结局指标：体脂率（BF%）、去脂体重指数（FFMI）和体脂量/去脂体重比（FM/FFM）Z值。 结果：7 590名儿童青少年进入分析，年龄（11.7±2.9）岁，男生4 064名（53.5%）。共构建了4种膳食模式，分别为均衡膳食、细粮肉类、油炸腌制类和果奶膳食模式。调整人口学特征后，均衡膳食模式中因子得分最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，BF% Z值（β=-0.07，95%CI=-0.14~0.00）和FM/FFM Z值（β=-0.07，95%CI=-0.14~0.00）均减少0.07个标准差。果奶膳食模式中因子得分最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，FFMI Z值（β=0.10，95%CI=0.03~0.17）增加了0.10个标准差。其余膳食模式与体成分的关联无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论：均衡膳食模式与脂肪减少存在关联，果奶膳食模式与去脂肪组织或肌肉增长有关联。

关键词: 膳食模式, 体成分, 儿童青少年

Abstract: Objective: To explore the association between dietary patterns and body composition among children and adolescents in Guangzhou. Design: Crosssectional survey. Methods: Primary and middle school students aged 617 years were enrolled using the stratified cluster sampling method from March to December 2019. Information on dietary intake 13 types of food was collected by questionnaires. Body composition measurements were performed. Factor analysis was used to extract dietary patterns. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and body composition. Main outcome measures: Zscores of body fat percentage (BF%), fatfree mass index (FFMI), and fat mass/fatfree mass ratio (FM/FFM). Results: total of 7,590 children and adolescents were included in the analysis, with an average age of 11.7±2.9 years, and 4064 males (53.5%). Four dietary patterns were constructed, including balanced diet, refined grains and meat, fried and pickled food, and fruit and dairy diet patterns. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, the highest quartile of factor scores in the balanced diet pattern compared to the lowest quartile showed a decrease of 0.07 standard deviations in BF% Zscore (β=-0.07, 95%CI=-0.140.00) and FM/FFM Zscore (β=-0.07, 95%CI=-0.140.00). In the fruit and dairy diet pattern, the highest quartile of factor scores compared to the lowest quartile showed an increase of 0.10 standard deviations in FFMI Zscore (β=0.10, 95%CI=0.030.17). No statistically significant association was found between other dietary patterns and body composition (P>0.05). Conclusion: The balanced diet pattern is associated with a reduction in body fat, and the fruit and dairy diet pattern is associated with an increase in fatfree tissue or muscle.

Key words: Dietary patterns, Body composition, Children and adolescents