中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 131-138.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5501.2025.02.008

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿科医护人员癌症病情告知的概念分析

谢润1,黄晓燕2,顾莺2,康琼芳2,王慧美2,于玲2   

  1. 1 复旦大学护理学院 上海,200032; 2复旦大学附属儿科医院 上海,201102
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30 修回日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 黄晓燕

Healthcare professionals' cancer disclosure in pediatric oncology: A hybrid concept analysis

XIE Run1, HUANG Xiaoyan1, GU Ying2,  KANG Qiongfang2, WANG Huimei2, YU Ling2   

  1. 1 School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
  • Received:2024-10-30 Revised:2025-03-06 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: HUANG Xiaoyan

摘要: 背景:在医学领域,“癌症病情告知”并不是一个新概念,但在儿科领域缺少明确定义。 目的:分析儿科医护人员癌症病情告知的概念及内涵。 设计:混合概念分析法(包括理论阶段、质性阶段和分析阶段)。 方法:①理论阶段:以范围综述形式检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普数据等9个数据库,纳入研究内容为儿科肿瘤医生或护士对患儿或家长进行癌症病情告知,研究结局包括但不限于儿童癌症病情告知的概念属性、影响因素、后果及癌症病情告知相近概念的文献;排除重复文献,语言非中文或英文,或无法获取全文的文献。构建并提取儿科医护人员癌症病情告知概念框架和相近概念。②质性阶段:根据范围综述提取的概念框架、咨询专家意见和预访谈,构建访谈提纲,对复旦大学附属儿科医院肿瘤工作的医生和护士进行半结构化深度访谈,对访谈文本内容进行编码转录,采用主题分析法编码和提炼主题。③分析阶段:比较和整合理论阶段和质性阶段的结果,得出最终的概念定义和框架内容。 主要结局指标:儿科医护人员癌症病情告知概念的定义和框架。 结果:①范围综述共纳入16篇英文文献,构建儿科医护人员癌症病情告知概念框架(包括核心概念属性、前置因素和后置影响),相关概念包括癌症诊断告知、预后相关告知、终末期讨论。②半结构化访谈20名儿童肿瘤科医护人员(护士和医生各10名),平均访谈时长(46.2±10.2)min,主题分析法逐级提取3个一级主题和11个二级主题。与相近概念辨析发现癌症病情告知概念具有普适性。③最终将儿科医护人员癌症病情告知概念定义为儿科医护人员与患儿及其家庭成员(通常为患儿父母)在整个动态变化的癌症轨迹中准确地针对患儿个体性的诊断、检查、治疗、护理、康复、预后等病情相关的多元信息而开展的人文性沟通。核心概念属性:准确性、个体性、多元性、动态性、人文性,前置因素包括人口学因素、职业素养因素、心理认知因素、互动合作因素、社会文化因素,后置影响包括促进患儿治疗、改善医患/护患关系、缓解负性情绪。 结论:本文提出了儿科医护人员癌症病情告知的新定义。该定义具有足够的包容性和灵活性,为构建儿科医护人员癌症病情告知水平的评估量表与干预措施提供了概念依据。

关键词: 混合概念分析, 儿科, 肿瘤学, 病情告知

Abstract: Background:Cancer disclosure is not a new concept in medicine, however, there is no clear definition of this term in pediatric oncology. Objective:To analyze the concepts and connotations of cancer disclosure among pediatric healthcare professionals. Design:Hybrid concept analysis(including theoretical phase, qualitative phase, analytical phase). Methods:① Theoretical phase: A scoping review was conducted by search 9 databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and VIP Database, etc. Studies focused on pediatric oncologists or nurses communicating cancer diagnoses to children or their parents, with outcomes including (but not limited to) conceptual attributes, influencing factors, consequences of cancer disclosure, and literature on related concepts. Duplicates, non-Chinese/English studies, and unavailable full texts were excluded. A conceptual framework in pediatric oncology practice was developed and related terms for cancer disclosure was extracted. ② Qualitative phase: Based on the conceptual framework extracted from the scoping review, expert consultations, and pre-interviews, a semi-structured interview guide was developed. In-depth interviews were conducted with doctors and nurses working in pediatric oncology at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University. The interview transcripts were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify and refine key themes. ③ Analytical phase: Results from the theoretical and qualitative phases were integrated to refine the final conceptual definition and framework. Main outcome measures:Definition and framework of the concept of healthcare professionals' cancer disclosure in pediatric oncology. Results:① The scoping review included 16 English studies, establishing a conceptual framework (core attributes, antecedents, and consequences) and identifying related terms: diagnosis disclosure, prognosis-related communication, and end-of-life discussions. ② Interviews with 20 pediatric oncology professionals (10 nurses, 10 doctors; mean interview duration 46.2±10.2 min) yielded 3 primary themes and 11 subthemes via thematic analysis. Comparative analysis clarified conceptual boundaries, confirming the framework's generalizability. ③ The final definition: Cancer disclosure in pediatric oncology is defined as a humanistic dialogue between clinicians, pediatric patients, and their families (typically parents) across the dynamic cancer trajectory, addressing individualized diagnostic, therapeutic, nursing, rehabilitative, and prognostic information with accuracy and empathy.Core conceptual attributes: accuracy, individuality, diversity,dynamicity, and humanistic nature. Antecedent factors include demographic factors, professional competence factors, psychological-cognitive factors, interaction-collaboration factors, and sociocultural factors. Subsequent impacts encompass promoting pediatric patient treatment, improving physician-patient/nurse-patient relationships, and alleviating negative emotional states. Conclusion:This article proposes a new definition of cancer disclosure for pediatric healthcare professionals. The definition is inclusive and flexible enough to provide a conceptual basis for the construction of assessment scales and interventions to assess the level of cancer disclosure among pediatric healthcare professionals.

Key words: Hybrid concept analysis, Pediatric, Oncology, Disclosure