中国循证儿科杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 145-148.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

心肌致密化不全合并弥漫性冠状动脉右室瘘1例

戴柯,张志芳,陈轶维,李奋,傅立军,张玉奇   

  1. 上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心 上海,200127
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-17 修回日期:2017-04-25 出版日期:2017-04-25 发布日期:2017-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 张志芳,E-mail:zzftjh@hotmail.com

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy complicated with multiple coronary arterytoright ventricle fistula in one child

DAI Ke, ZHANG Zhi-fang, CHEN Yi-wei, LI Fen, FU Li-jun, ZHANG Yu-qi   

  1. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
  • Received:2017-02-17 Revised:2017-04-25 Online:2017-04-25 Published:2017-04-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Zhi-fang,E-mail:zzftjh@hotmail.com

摘要:

目的:探讨心肌致密化不全合并弥漫性冠状动脉瘘的临床特点及诊断方法。方法:报告1例心肌致密化不全合并弥漫性冠状动脉右室瘘患儿,回顾其临床症状、辅助检查结果和治疗方案。在国外数据库(Pubmed、OVID和Elsevier)和国内数据库(万方和维普)中检索心肌致密化不全合并冠状动脉瘘和心肌病合并冠状动脉瘘病例的文献,检索时间为建库至2017年3月30日。总结此类病例的临床表现、诊断和治疗。结果:本文患儿为6月龄女婴,因“胃纳差伴盗汗2周”于2013年10月12日在上海交通大学医学院附属上海儿童医学中心心内科就诊。二维超声心动图显示,左心室增大伴左室致密化不全、左右冠状动脉扩张、右心室内心肌窦状间隙持续状态、二尖瓣中度返流、心室收缩功能低下等。心导管造影及冠状动脉造影检查显示,右冠状动脉及左前降支弥漫性微小右心室瘘、二尖瓣返流、左心室增大。予地高辛、速尿、安体舒通后患儿症状稍好转。国外数据库中检索到2例心肌致密化不全合并冠状动脉左室瘘的成年病例,以进行性呼吸困难和心前区疼痛为主要临床表现,心肌缺血表现更明显,诊断主要依靠二维超声心动图及心导管造影和冠状动脉造影检查,缺乏有效治疗手段;有部分心肌病合并心肌致密化不全患者接受选择性冠状动脉瘘介入封堵术的尝试。结论:心肌致密化不全合并冠状动脉瘘是一类罕见的先天性心脏发育异常疾病,婴儿临床症状主要为纳差、盗汗等心功能不全的表现,确诊主要依靠二维超声心动图以及心导管造影、冠脉造影检查,目前尚缺乏有效治疗手段,以强心、利尿、扩血管改善心功能治疗为主。

Abstract:

Objective: To study the clinical features of a girl with noncompaction cardiomyopathy complicated with multiple coronary artery-to-right ventricle fistula and review the literatures. Methods: Clinical symptoms and assistant examinations such as electrocardiogram, echocardiography and cardiac catheter of the case diagnosed as noncompaction cardiomyopathy complicated with multiple coronary artery-to-right ventricle fistula were reviewed. Two cases of noncompaction cardiomyopathy complicated with coronary artery to ventricle fistula and part of patients with cardiomyopathy complicated with coronary artery to ventricle fistula reported since 2003 were also reviewed in the study. Results: (1)A 6 month girl with poor appetite and night sweat was admitted to our hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a moderately impaired left ventricular contractility (ejection fraction 34% calculated according to Simpson's rule) and hypertrabeculation of the left ventricular latero-apical region with a maximal ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium as 2.5, supporting the diagnosis of noncompaction cardiomyopathy. The color Doppler and contrast echocardiogram showed an unusually evident diastolic flow within the compacted layer of the myocardium. The coronary angiography showed the right ventricle was opaque after left and right coronary injections, disclosing multiple coronary right ventricular fistulae. The patient accepted digoxin, furosemidum, spironolactone treatment and the clinical symptom was improved. (2)Retrospective review of the literatures showed two cases of noncompaction cardiomyopathy complicated with coronary artery to ventricle fistula. These patients were adults and showed symptoms as dyspnea and angina pectoris. Doctors made a definite diagnosis through the examination of echocardiography and coronary angiography. One case of cardiomyopathy complicated with coronary artery to ventricle fistula accepted implantable cardioverter defibrillatror because of syncope. Conclusion: Noncompaction cardiomyopathy associated with multiple coronary artery-to-right ventricle fistulas is one of the rare disease. The clinical symptoms mainly focus on congestive heart failure such as poor appetite and night sweat in infant. The echocardiography and coronary angiography is helpful to make a diagnosis. The medicine such as digitalis, diuretic and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors can be used to improve symptoms.