Abstract: AbstractObjective: To analyze and discuss the risk factors of biliary atresia, so as to provide the possible clues for the early differential diagnosis and the study of its etiology and pathogenesis.Methods: Questionnaire of biliary atresia risk factors was designed, including a total of 22 factors.Patients with unexplained jaundice admitted to Children's Hospital Of Chongqing Medical University from July 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled.The clinical data of all patients were collected in September 2017, the biliary atresia group and the control group were determined and matched by sex and age. Using a matched pair study, the relevant risk factors were analyzed in both one-way ANOVA analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 146 cases were surveyed by questionnaires, and the questionnaires were returned to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria of biliary atresia group and control group. There were 96 biliary atresia cases and 42 control cases. 42 cases of biliary atresia were matched to control group ,84 cases entered the analysis in the end.In one-way ANOVA analysis, pregnant four-dimensional color Doppler ultrasound, birth weight, adverse events at birth, stool color becoming shallow, trace elements supplement during pregnancy, folic acid supplement during pregnancy, pregnancy complication were statistically significantly different. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, pregnancy complications and stool color becoming shallow were independent risk factors of biliary atresia (OR=21.27，95%CI：3.50~129.21，P=0.03；OR=6.70，95%CI：1.73~26.02，P=0.01); low birth weight was the independent protective factor of biliary atresia (OR=0.05，95%CI：0.00~0.67，P=0.03). Conclusion: Pregnancy complications of mother (gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, intrahepatic cholestasis) and color stool becoming shallow are the risk factors of biliary atresia,they have certain guiding values for early differential diagnosis.of biliary atresia.