Abstract: Background：Foreign literature has reported that children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) were prone to anxiety and depression. Until now, there were no reports on anxiety and depression of Chinese PCD children and their parents. Objective：To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors for anxiety and depression of PCD children and their parents. Design：Casecontrol study. Methods：Children with PCD over 7 years old and their parents were selected as the PCD children group and the PCD parents group. Children with asthma and their parents were selected as the asthma children group and asthma parents group, and healthy children and their parents were selected as the control children group and control parents group. Children's anxiety and depression were evaluated by the scale of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Parents' anxiety and depression were evaluated by SelfRating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale (CESD). The care burden on parents of children with PCD was evaluated by Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. Influencing factors of anxiety and depression in children with PCD and their parents were analyzed. Main outcome measures：Incidence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression in children with PCD and their parents. Results：There were 38 cases in PCD children group, 76 cases in each of the asthma children group and control children group. There were 82 parents in each group including PCD group, asthma group and control group. The incidence of anxiety and the score of SCARED in PCD children group were higher than those in asthma children group and control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the score of CDI and incidence of depression among the three children groups (P≥0.05). The incidence of anxiety and depression and the score of CESD in parents of children with PCD were higher than those in asthma group and control group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in incidence of anxiety and depression and the score of CESD between parents of asthma group and control group (P≥0.05). There was no significant difference in the score of SAS between parents of PCD group and asthma group (P≥0.05). The incidence of anxiety and depression and the score of CESD, SAS and Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale in mothers of children with PCD were higher than those in fathers (P<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that, for the children with PCD aged 717, the boys were more prone to anxiety than the girls, and regular airway nursing was a protective factor to avoid anxiety and depression. For parents of children with PCD aged 417, high level of education, stable occupation and regular exercise of children were the protective factors to avoid anxiety, and high level of education, hospitalization frequency of children less than once in recent one year and regular exercise of children were the protective factors to avoid depression. The high score of Zarit Burden Scale was the risk factor for anxiety and depression in parents of children with PCD. Conclusion：The incidence of anxiety in children with PCD was higher, which was affected by gender and the situation of airway nursing. The incidence of anxiety and depression in parents of children with PCD were higher, which were affected by their occupation, level of education, care burden, children's exercise situation and hospitalization frequency of children in recent one year.

Key words: Key words Primary ciliary dyskinesia, Children, Parents, Depression, Anxiety